POL. 3314: Politics of Development and Underdevelopment

BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

POL. 3314: Politics of Development and Underdevelopment
2006/2007 Session
Course Lecturer: M. M. Yusuf
Venue:
Time:

INTRODUCTION
The current globalisation which has dominated the thought of scholars, from the last quarter of the twentieth century has thrown so many questions for students, teachers and researchers on development. At one level globalisation is prescribed for development of developing countries. At another level globalisation becomes a theory of development.

In both positions the economies of Third world countries are to be opened and subject to free market system which is managed and controlled by Big corporations, International financial institutions and other bodies like the World Trade Organisation which, governs global commerce.

The literature on globalisation and development on developing countries is full of positive contribution of globalisation on development. But the reality that has unfolded shows the contrary. One, there is exclusion of some countries from globalisation because they are weak economically to fit into the logic of market. Second, it is called a global market system, but it operates with different rules for both developed and the developing parts of the system. Thirdly, it is obvious that if we take development as “improvement of the living conditions of the people”, then we are not seeing development.

Globalisation and development could be treated from many perspectives covering wide range of issues such as finance, trade, investment, industrialization, etc. In the previous sessions we approached the relationships from a combination of economic and political issues.

The focus in this academic session is “globalisation, Multilateral Trade, and politics of resistance. We will pay much attention to WTO Regime. The issue would be that the rules of the world Trading System as embodied in the GATT/WTO Regime, are based on the principles of open, multilateral, transparent, and non-discriminatory trading. Nevertheless, Third world countries face an entirely different reality when trading with developed countries. Indeed, protectionism and other discriminatory politics now affect a very large proportion of the developing countries exports of processed products and manufactures.

Thus, our main attention would be “rethinking” about globalisation and development. In order to do that we would look at some theories and the details of WTO Agreement/s with view of seeing their impact on the development agenda of developing countries. Particularly, the course introduces recent research and debates on globalisation, multilateral trade and implications for industrialisation, transfer of technology, etc. of Third world countries.

Of all the processes of globalisation the multilateral Trading system under WTO produces the most counteractions both locally and globally. This would be examined as challenges against globalisation and multilateral trade system.

Among the issues which the course is expected to give treatment are: the conception of globalisation and of development; globalisation theory of development; the history, rules and agreements of the multilateral trade system under WTO Regime; Regional Trade Agreement; politics of resistance against globalisation; etc.

TOPICS AND READINGS
General Introduction: the topics to be treated; the readings; course Requirements; Assessment of the programme by students; other issues;
Development and Underdevelopment: the concepts; Theoretical perspectives on development; from modernization to neo-modernisation;

Required Readings
Bob Sutcliffe, “The place of development in theories of imperialism and globalisation”. In Ronaldo Munck and Denis O’ Hearn (editors), Contributions to a New paradigm: ReThinking Development in the Era of Globalisation.
Frans J. Schumann, Beyond the impasse: New Directions in Development Theory.
John Rapley, “New Directions in the Political Economy of Development”. ROAPE No.62.
Anne Phillips. “The concept of Development”. ROAPE No. 8
Bjorn Beckman, “Imperialism and Capitalist Development”. ROAPE No. 22
Bjorn Beckman, “The Liberation of Civil Society: Neo-Liberal and Political Theory”. ROAPE No. 58
Susan George, “The Neo-Liberal Gospel”. A Conference Paper.
Milton Friedman, “The Relation Between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom”. In Edward S. G. and Richard P. Y (eds.). American Politics Reconsidered: power and Inequality in America.
Dube S. C. Modernisation and Development: The search for Alternative. Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
G. Frank, “Development of Underdevelopment”. In Robert I Rhodes (ed). Imperialism and Underdevelopment: A reader.
Seers Dudley, “The Meaning of Development”. In Lehman (ed). Development Theory.
Gilbert Rist. The History of Development. Chapters 1, 4, and 7.

3. Globalisation and Development: the concept of globalisation; globalisation debate; perspectives on globalisation and development;


Required Readings
1. Deepak Nayyar, Development through globalisation. Research paper No. 2000/29.
2. CARTSS, Globalisation and Modernity: Central Questions.
3. S. T. Akindele et al. “Globalisation, its Implications and Consequences for Africa”. Conference paper.
4. Yash Tandon, “Globalisation and the South: the Logic of Exploitation”. International Politics and Society 4/1997.
5. Emma Pearce,”What do Australian Historians and Intellectuals have to say About Globalisation”? Website.
6. David Held et al. Global Transformation: Politics, Economics and Culture Pgs. 1-31
7. James Middleman (editor). Globalisation: Critical reflections.
8. Togba-Nah Topoteh, “Globalisation and Development”. In D. W. Nabudere, Globalisation and Post-Colonial African State.
9. Development: Implications of Globalisation.
10. Dicky Randal and Robin Theobald, political change and Underdevelopment. Chapter 6.

4. Global Trade: Liberalisation and Protectionism. Some theoretical perspectives.

Required Readings
E. A. Brett, The World Economy Since the War: the Politics of Uneven Development. Chapter 2.
2. Anthur MacEwan, Neo-liberalism or Democracy? Economic Strategy, Markets, and alternatives for the 21st century. Chapter 2.
3. Robert Gilpin, Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Chapters 5, 6, and 8.
4. World Bank, East Asias Trade and Investment: Regional and Global gains from Liberalisation.
5. C. E. Kindleberger, “The Rise of Free Trade in Western Europe”. In Jeffrey A. Friden, International Political Economy: Perspectives on Global Power and Wealth.
6. C. C. Cletus et al, “Protectionist Trade Policies: A Survey of Theory, Evidence, and rationale”. In Jeffrey A. Freeman op. Cit.

5. Imperialism, Trade and the Question of Development.

Required readings

Branwen G. J. “The civilized Horrors of Over work; Marxism, Imperialism and Development of Africa”. ROAPE Vol 30 No. 95
Sarah Bracking, “regulating Capital in Accumulation: Negotiating the imperial frontier”. ROAPE No. 30.
Kate Meagher, “A Back Door to Globalisation? Structural Adjustment, Globalisation and Trans-border Trade in West Africa”. ROAPE No. 30.
D. W. Nabudere, Essays on the Theory and Practice of Imperialism. Chapter 1.
Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A study of the Imperialism of Trade.
M. B. Brown, Essays of Imperialism of Trade. Chapter 1.
Samir Amin, Imperialism and Unequal Development. Chapter 6.
Eskor Toyo, Background to Globalisation.
Anthony Brewer, Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Review.

6. Globalisation and Multilateral Trading System: the evolution of the System; the Uruguay Round and the WTO.

Required Readings
D. W. Nabudere, The Political Economy of Imperialism. Part IV.
Stephen Woolcock, “The Multilateral System into the New Millenium”. In Brian Hocking and Steven Meguire (eds). Trade Politics: International, Domestic and Regional Perspective.
Robert Wolf, “The World Trade Organisation”. In Brian Hocking et al (eds) o.p ot.
Third World Network, A report on Trade and Human Development. Part II.
Richard E. Mshembe, Africa in the Global Economy.
Diana I. Gimba, “The WTO and the Third World Countries”. ECPER Vol. 5 No. 3
UNDP, Op. Cit. Part II
Yash Tandon, “Globalisation and Africa’s Option”. In D. W. Nabudere (eds). O.P. Cit.
Charles Robertson, “The World Trade Organisation”. In Review of International Affairs, 1999.

7. The Multilateral Trading System: Agreements and Issues.

Required Readings
1. UNDP. OP. Cit. Part II
2. Martin Khor, Globalisation and the South.
3. Yash Tandon, in D. W. Nabudere (ed). OP. Cit.
4. Maude B. “The Last Frontier: GATS”. ROAPE No. 58.
5. Harry G. Boadman, “GATS: The Uruguay Round Accord on Investment and Services”. In the world Economy Vol. 17 No. 3.

8. Regionalism in a Global Market: Regional Trade Agreements in a Multilateral Trading System.

Required Readings
1. ­­­­­­-------------, Regionalism in a globalizing Economy.
2. Rok A. Julu, “Thabo Mbbekis African Renaissance in a Globalising World Economy: The struggle for the Soul of the Continent”. ROAPE No. 87.
3. Lawrence O. C. “Regional Economic Integration: A development paradigm for Africa”. In Bade Onimode et al, African Development and Governance Strategies.
4. Derrick G. W. “NAFTA and the Environment: some Lessons for the Next Round of GATT Negotiations”. The World Economy Vol. 17 No. 3.
5. Alice Enders, “The Europe Agreements and NAFTA: A Comparison of the Ends and Means”. IPS No. 3.
6. Cylde Y. P. et al, “The case for a Trans-Atlantic Free Trade Area”. In IPS No. 2.
7. Andrew F. Cooper, “NAFTA and the Politics of Regional Trade”. In Brian Hocking and Steve Mcguire. OP. Cit.
8. Nash and Christine. “The reconstitution of Hegemony: The Free Trade Act and the transformation of Rural Mexico”. In Mittleman (ed.). OP. Cit.
9. Diana T. and Nagaire W. “Trade Regionalism and the threat to Multilateralism. In Ngaire Woods (ed.). The Political Economy of globalisation
10. Dean A. DeRosa, “Regional Trading Arrangements Among Developing Countries: The ASEAN Example. Research Report 103

9. Emerging Trend in USA-Africa Trade Relations: The AGOA.

Required Readings
1. Carol B. Thopson, “US Trade with Africa: Africa Growth and Opportunity”. ROAPE No. 101
2. Ahmed Sayeed et al, “A Golden Yarn? The Impact of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)”.
3. Public Citizen, Meet the Multinational corporations behind the NAFTA for Africa Acct (AGOA).

10. WTO: Managing Trade Relations Politically.

Required Readings
1. Yash Tandon, in D. W. Nabudere (ed.). OP. Cit.
2. Michael C. “World Trade Organisation: An illegal Organisation that Vitirates the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”.
3. Therese W. “WTO: Seatle-a Convergence of Globalisation and Militarisation.
4. William I. R. “Capitalist Globalisation and Transformation of the state.

11. Multilateral Trade System: Implications for Development of the Developing countries-Implementation of the Agreements; the Sovereignty of developing countries; welfare of workers; etc.

Required Readings
1. Martin Khor, “A Perspective on Globalisation and its Impliations for developingountries”. A onference paper.
2. Martin Khor, “Globalisation: Implicatons for development policy”. In Third World REsurgene. No. 74.
3. Dot Keel, “Globalisation and Regionalisation: Contraditory Tendencies, Counteractive Tacties, or Strategic Possibilities”. Foundation for Global Dialogue Occasional paper No. 18.
4. Robin Broad et al. “Development: the Market is not enough”. In Jeffrey A. Friden. OP. Cit.
5. Mohathir Mohammed. Globalisation: New Reality.
6. Mohathir Mohammed. “Globalisation: What it means to small Nations”. In Third World Resurgence No. 74.
7. UD, “Globalisation, Work and Labour Standards”. Website.
8. Gilbartbrack,”International Trade and Workers Rights: More than a Conditional Link”? In Brian Hook et al. OP. Cit.
9. Gilenn Adler, “Global Restructuring and Labour Union Movement”. In James H. Mttleman (ed.). OP. Cit.
10. Eddie W. and GlennA. “Exodus without a Map? The Labour Movement in a Liberalizing South Africa”. In Bjorn Bekman and L. M. Sakikonye (ed.) Labour Regimes and Liberalism: The Restructuring of state, society relations in Africa.

12. Multilateral Trading System in Crisis: Conflict and Competition between developed countries; the failure of free trade globalisation; local resistance;

Required Reading
1. Richard W. M. Global Puzzle: Issues and Actors in World politics. Chapters 12 and 13.
2. The South Centre, facing the challenge: Responses to the Report of the South commission. Part I.
3. Harry Shutt, A New Democracy: Alternative to a Bankrupt World order. Chapter 4.
4. Walden Bello, Deglobalisation: Ideas for A New World Economy. Chapter 1.
5. David Bacon, Not all Strawberries and Cream: The Children of NAFTA.


13. Challenges and Alternatives to Globalisation and Liberalisation of Trade: Malaysian Model; the Chaves and Other Latin America’s Practice; Bringing State back; Anti-globalisation;

Required Readings
1. Greg Buckman, Globalisation: Tame it or Scrap it.
2. Leslie Sklair, Globalisation: Capitalism and its Alternatives, Chapters 10, 11 and 12.
3. Fantu Cheru, “New Social Movements: Democratic Struggles and Human Rights in Africa”. In James A. Mittleman (ed.). OP. Cit.
4. Arthur MacEwan, Neo-Liberalism or Democracy? Economic Strategy, Markets, and alternatives for the 21st Century.
5. Walden Bello, Deglobalisation: Ideas for a New World Economy.
6. Walden Bello, The future in the Balance: Essays on Globalisation and Resistance.
7. Harry Shutt, A New Democracy: Alternative to a World Bankrupt Order.
8. Dallip Swamy. “An Alternative to Globalisation”. In Third world Resurgence No. 74.
9. E. A. Brett, The World Economy Since the war: The Politics of Uneven Development Pgs. 249-272.
10. Howard M. Wachtel. “World Trade Order and the Beginning of the decline of the Washington Consensus”. IPS 3/2000.
11. O’ Brian et al, Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic institutions and Global Social Movements.
12. Mahathir Mohammad OP. Cit. Chapter 14
13. Harry Magdoff and John Bellamy Foster, “After Seattle: Understanding the Politics of Globalisation”. Monthly Review Vol. 51 No. 10.
14. Jagdish Bagwati, “Anti-globalisation. Why”? Journal of Policy Modeling.

14. Conclusion I
This period will be divided into two Sessions. First, is the Presentation of Seminar long essay. Second is of Response papers on the essays.

15. Conclusion II
This Period is for a review of all what we have done during the semester. First, I will make a summary and give my observations. Second Students will come out seminar by seminar and present reviews of their classroom experience and views on the subject-matter of the course, the method of imparting knowledge, the usage of internet and E-Mail, on the team work as well as the education received and its relevance.

Additional Readings
1. Brian Hocking and Steven Macguire (eds) Trade Politics: International, Domestic and Regional Perspectives. Various
2. Mehrene Larudee, “Integration and Income Distribution under the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Experience of Mexico”, in Dean Baker et al (eds), Globalization and Progressive Economic Policy.
3. Mario E. Carranza, “Leaving the Backyard: Latin America’s European Option”, in IPS NO. 2/2
4. Chris Harman, Analyzing Imperialism
5. Probhat Patnaik and C.P. Chandrasechar, India: Dirigisme, Structural Adjustment and the radical alternative” in Dean Baker et al (eds)
6. Ja-joon Change, “Globalization, Transnational Corporations and Economic Development” can the Developing Countries Pursue Strategic Industrial Policy in a Globalizing World Economy. In Dean Bakr et al (eds).
7. Padraing Carnody, “Constructing Alternative to SAP in Africa” ROAE No.75
8. Keith Criffin; Alternative Strategies for Economic Development, Chapters 1, 2 and 5
9. Alain Lipiez, “How Monetarism has Chocked Third World Industrialization”, New Left Review No. 145
10. Walden Bello, From Seatle to Seoul: The Struggle for a Degloblised World”. Conference Paper
11. Walden Bello, “The WTO, the Bretton Woods Institutions and the South” Conference Paper
12. John Weiss, industry in Developing Countries; Theory, Policy and Evidence, Chapter 7
13. Ngaire Woods, “The Political Economy of Globalization”, in Ngaire Woods (ed)
14. Y. Okamota, “Impact of Trade and FDI Liberalization Policies on the Malaysin Economy”, in the Developing Economies Vol. 32 No. 4.
15. John G. and Ronald R. “Imperialism of Free Trade”, The Economic History Review Vol. VI No.1
16. John Madeley, Hungry for Trade: How the Poor pay for Free Trade
17. Daniel C.E. “Economic Integration and the Environment”, In Norman J.V and Ragina S.A. The Global Environment.
18. Barry K.G. (ed) Globalisation and the Politics of Resistance
19. Ajit Singh, “Special and Differential Trading System and Economic Development in the 21st Century
20. Peter Newell “Policy-making in Latin America: the case of the Environmental Movement
21. Graham Dunkley. The Free Trade Adventure: The WTO, the Uruguay Round and Globalisatism: it critique
22. Banguna Yusuf Globalisation and African Development. Conference Paper.

Course Requirements
The teaching of the course is by giving lectures on the topics outlined above. Each topic is expected to be covered in one lecture period. When the duration of the semester is against my plan some topics (6, 7, 8 and 9) may be combined and treated in two lecture periods. The last thirty (30) minutes of each period will be for presentation and discussion on chosen text or question for weekly assignment.

Assessment of students is based on end of the semester Examination (70%) and continues Assessment (30%). The C.A will be determined in the following ways:

Weekly Assignment/Participation in Class Discussion/Attendance
There will be weekly readings and presentation of the work for discussion. You will be divided into seminars and in the last 30 minutes of each period, a seminar will be called upon. Class participation is very important if every one is to learn from other people’s points of view. Therefore, when a seminar is called some will submit their reports while others will respond.

The report is not going to be simple summaries. They should bring out three things. First, is to briefly identify the issues raised in the text. Secondly, bring out one of the major issues and analyze the argument by giving a critique of it. Thirdly, in making the critique brings some empirical evidence to support your observation on the author’s argument.

My usual rule applies here too. That is that any student who missed one weekly assignment will not be awarded any mark for the weekly assignments.

SMALL RESEARCH PROJECT
Each seminar will be involved in a small research project. The research paper will reflect the course coverage on “Globalization Trade and Politics of Resistance”. The paper is expected to be presented according to a standard of original contribution, with theoretical insights on the area of the research. A paper which has not followed the standard and or contains many typographical errors will not be graded.

RESEARCH PROJECT RESPONSE PAPER
The small research project of each seminar will be given to another seminar to respond and present while the original authors will be by the side to defend their work.

ICT USAGE
We will source many teaching materials via the internet. You are expected to perfect the skills you acquired on use of internet in your level II. Every week you will go on internet. On any paper you write I want see a lot of internet input. As of students of POL.4301 (2005/2006), you too are hereby advised to form “internet partnership” and “cyber club”.

Each member of the class must have an e-mail account. The posting of relevant messages on the course is encouraged. Semester, each seminar will e-mail me one work and anyone of you who wishes can e-mail me. If we succeed in making good use of ICT I will personally open e-mail account specifically for “Politics of Development and Underdevelopment”.

SUPERVISED TEST
There will be a test based on the paper “study guidelines for effective performance by my students”.
ATTENDANCE
Class attendance is very important. If you are going to miss my class, please notify me at least 24 hours in advance. When a seminar is called, anybody present will be awarded 5%. Anybody absent or for whatever reason is called and not present will get -5% from his/her total CA.

CRITICAL COMMENTS BY STUDENTS ON THEIR CLASSROOM EXPERIENCE
At the end of the semester each seminar will make a presentation on the classroom experience as specified on the teaching programme circulated.

ON BEING AGAINST PLAGIARISM
In order to purify the system of learning and research I have to take strict disciplinary action against any student who is found on plagiarism. What is Plagiarism? In Oxford Mini reference Dictionary you find the following entries on the word plagiarism… “take and use (another’s writings, etc) as one’s own”.

To be precise, plagiarism is academic dishonesty. This includes dishonesty in assignments, tests or in short claiming credit for any work not done or done by others.

To avoid plagiarism you must not paraphrase someone else’s work and present it as your own. Again, all sources consulted should be properly acknowledged. While reviewing your colleagues work it must be strictly on what the authors wrote about.

The penalty is that any assignment found to be plagiarised will receive a zero. Also, any student found plagiarising in a test/examination will get a zero. Any student found in two instances of plagiarism will result in being assessed “00” in the overall continuous assessment on the course.
BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO
FAULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

POL. 3314: Politics of Development and Underdevelopment

2006/2007 Session
Course Lecturer: M. M. Yusuf
Venue:
Time:

The following are semester seminar essays of students of Politics of Development and Underdevelopment selected for the contributions they made on the subject. They are recommended for your studies in this Academic Year (2005/2006) you are also encouraged to follow the footsteps of these students by working hard to produce a qualitative Group Essay materials to join these ones.
S/N
Author/s
Title
Year
1.
Yoyi S. Kadiri et al
Is there an Alternative to the Types of Development Pursued
2003/2004
2.
Francis Onoja James et al
NGO’s as Agents of Underdevelopment in the Third World Countries
2003/2004
3.
Alhamdu Bala Gimba Usman et al
21st Century Africa: What Problems and Prospects
2003/2004
4.
Zainab Joy Usman
Globalization and Responses of African People
2003/2004
5.
Musbahu O. Abdul-Azeez et al
The strategies and Tactics of the WTO in the New Era of Globalization and its Destabilizing Effects for Third World Countries
2004/2005
6.
Bala Zandam et al
The Impact of Neo-Liberal Capitalist Globalization on the Working Class
2004/2005
7.
Dimas Garba et al
The Positive Impact of Globalization on the World Economy: A Case Study of Third World Countries
2004/2005
8.
Badamasi Saidu et al
The Positive Impact of Globalization on the the World Economy: A Case Study of Third World Countries
2004/2005
9.
Mohammed Halilu
What is MTS? How does MTS Regime Affect the Development of Developing Countries
2004/2005
10.
Bushra Jibril Yakasai et al
MTS Hinders Development of the Developing Countries and in Turn Open Ways for Effective Development in the Developed Countries
2004/2005
11.
Halima Ali Bashir et al
Globalization and workers’ Right: An analysis of contemporary phase
2005/2006
12.
Nana H.M. et al
MTS: Impacts o Nigeria’s Product in International Market
2005/2006
13.
Jafaru Ibrahim et al
Implications of AOA on Development of Third World Countries
2005/2006
14.
Yusuf Muhammad Sani et al
Globalization – Development Interface; An African Perspective
2005/2006
15.
Bilkisu L. Abdullahi et al
Implications of SPS for the Development of the Developing Countries
2005/2006
16.
Ibrahim Musa et al
Neo-Liberalism and Globalisation; The threat and obstacle to Third World Development
2005/2006
17.
Aliyu Jamilu et al
The role of ICT in the transformation of the global trading system
2005/2006

All the attachments in Pol 2204 in your level ii are also relevant here, these are

1. Assessing students examination papers: Marking scheme
2. Enhancing students capacity in learning through the use of computers, internet and e-mail
3. Introducing Team/Group work in Large Classes
4. How to use internet to source reading materials
5. Study Guidelines for Effective Performance by my students
6. How to make patterned notes from tests
7. Writing Examination: A communicative approach
8. How to write Group Semester papers in large classes
9. How to write Book Review
10. Communicative writing: Exploring the concept
11. Taking Note in Class lecture or from a Textbook

There are two new Attachments which will be sent to you by E-mail. These are:
1. Using E-Journal and E-Books for Teaching, Learning and Research
2. Using E-Mail for Teaching, Learning and Research.
3. Code of Ethnics in M.M. Yusif’s Class