POL. 3314: POLITICS OF GLOBALISATION AND DEVELOPMENT

BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO

FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

INSTRUCTOR: M. M. YUSIF

mmyusuf58@yahoo.com

mmyusuf07@gmail.com

polbuk@yahoo.com

http://www.mmyusuf.blogspot.com

Introduction

There is no doubt that globalisation is the most commonly used concept since from the last decade of the twentieth century to date. Not only in social sciences, even in others it has become the centre of discourse, generally when it comes to the question of development of human society. Particularly, there are scholarly debates and competing explanations over the impact of changes in the international economy i.e. globalisation on the society. Reflecting on this issue there is abundance of literature, precisely from 1990s, which shows to light how globalisation is a set of changes in the international economy which creates a single world market and which brings to a fore the services sector, service production and trade in services with wider implications for a new development agenda in both developed and developing countries.

Orientation of the Course

The official title of the course is "politics of development and under-development". Initially it was conceived as understanding the impact of imperialism on development of Third World Countries. Over the last ten years the course is turned to a study of globalisation and development. Since globalisation is a very vast field with many issues and perspectives, every academic session a different subject and framework is chosen and developed for purpose of teaching. In the last five years my attention goes to WTO – linked to development. In the last academic session (2009/2010) the title of the course became "Politics of Trade and Development".

In this academic session the subject-matter is "Politics of globalisation and development". But the emphasis in this year which departed from the previous year is the WTO regime and international trade in services.

The growth of the global service sector, which now turns more than 60% of global, trade is like 'internal revolution' in the structure of the development of capitalism and re-orientation in its interest.

Like a wild cat in town big capitalist actors began to use violence in order to create market for the expanding service industry.

Through re-organisation of global trade governance institutions a less violent means is found to achieve the same objective. Thus, when WTO was delivered, for the first time in the history of multilateral trade relations, on agreement on trade in services came to life. It is called General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).

The GATS contains rules and regulations which govern trade in services. Generally, international economic relations are power relations. That is why globalisation itself is naturally a conflict phenomenon because it increases conflict whether in trade or in investment /financial transaction/movement of natural people, etc. These bring out the conflicts in and of globalisation.

This is what is called politics of globalisation. The objective of this course is just to understand this politics with reference to multilateral trade in services.

We would apply theoretical perspectives as search light to understand this development. The idea of politics in this context is to say conflict and co-operation between similar or diverse interest groups to attain self-interest, regional or any other group developmental goal. In another level politics would be used as Wright Qwency sees it "as the art of influencing, manipulating or controlling major groups in the world so as to advance the purposes of some against the opposition of others". Gramscian perspective of what constitutes politics; politics of globalisation in particular will feature. Moreso, how is the functioning of international institutions, such as the WTO, and how legistimate?

The course intended to introduce students to issues on globalisation, WTO and multilateral trade in services, the falling apart of the system and the alternatives.

Topics and Readings

1. General Introduction: Overview of the course; Topics and Readings; Course Requirements; aid for learning and research; assessment of the teaching programme by students; socialisation among students; other things; division of students into seminars.
   

Essential Readings

1. Paul Hirst, The future of Political Science
   
2. Shun Yun Mo, "Political Science at the edge of chaos? The paradigmatic shift".
   
3. Mairo C. and Rosanna D. "E. Research: An Introduction to Online Political Science for Beginners and Skeptics".
   
4. Stephen V. F. "Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science". Website.
   
5. M. M. Yusif. "Principles of Teaching and Learning in Classes of mmyusif". Website
   
6. M. M. Yusif. How to Write Small-Research Project. Website.
   
7. M. M. Yusif. Education and Transformation of Individuals as Students. Website.
   

Dispute On: The Course Content as Political Science

2. Basic Concepts: Globalisation; WTO; Trade; Trade in Services; Development; Neo-Liberalism;

Essential Readings

1. Robert Cox, A. Perspective on Globalisation. In James H. Mittleman (ed.). Globalisation. Critical reflections.
   
2. Fredric Jameson, Globalisation and Political Strategy. NLR No.4 (2000).
   
3. Hugo Radice. Taking Globalisation Seriously
   
4. Gillis M. and Others. Economics of Development. W.W. Norton and Company, New York and London. 1976
   
5. Gilbert Rist, The History of Development: From Western Origin to Global Forth
   
6. Susan George, "The Neo-Liberal Gospel".
   

   Dispute on: Is Globalisation a Result of Unification of Economic Process Across Nation-States?
   

3.    Globalisation and Politics: Theoretical Perspectives

Essential Readings

1. Suzanne Berger. "Globalisation and Politics". MIT IPC Globalisation Working Paper 2005.
   
2. Samir Amin. "Economic Globalism and Political Universalism: Conflicting Issues". Journal of World System Research Vol. 6 (5)
   
3. Zoran Stefannovic. "Globalisation: Theoretical Perspectives, Impacts and Institutional Response of the Economy
   
4. Held D. and Others (1999). Global Transformation: Politics, Economics and Culture. Read Introduction
   
5. M. M. Yusif (2011). WTO Mock Summit: Briefing Paper No.4. Website.
   
6. Stephen T.II, "Toward a Postmodern Prince? The Battle in Seattle as a Moment in the New Politics of Globalisation". Millennium 29 (1) 2000.
   
7. B. K. Gills (ed.), Globalisation and the Politics of Resistance st. Martins, 2000
   
8. William Robinson and Jerry Harris, "Towards a Global Ruling Class? Globalisation and the Transnational Capitalist Class". Science and Society (2000).
   
9. Jacques Harsh, "Understanding Global Capitalism: Passive Revolution and Double Movement in the era of globalisation". American Review of Political Economy Vol. 4 (2) 2006
   
10. William Robinson. "Gramsci and Globalisation: from Nation-state to Transnational. Hegemony". Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy vol.8 (4) 2005.
    
11. GTN, Global Trade Negotiations: Trade and Conflict.
    
12. Wright, Q. "The Study of International Relations. Appleton Century Crift, New York
    

    DISPUTE ON: Using Many Theoretical Perspectives Debate the Idea that Trade Reduces or Promotes Conflict
    

4. Globalisation- Development Nexus: Competing Explanations

Essential Readings

1. Matthe M. T. "Development Economics in the Wake of the Washington Consensus: From Smith to Smith Screens" IPSA vol. 29 No. 5
   
2. John Rapley, "New Directions in the Political Economy of Development". ROAPE No. 62
   
3. Frons J. S. Beyond the Impass: New Directions in Development Theory".
   
4. Gilbert Rist, The History of Development Chapter 1, 4 and 7.
   
5. Arthur M. Neo-Liberalism or Democracy? Economic Strategy, Markets and Alternatives for the 21^st Century. Chapter 2.
   
6. Brett E. A. The World Economy Since the War: The Politics of Uneven Development. Chapter 2
   
7. John M. "Capitalism, Imperialism and Development: A Marxist Discussion
   
8. Deepak Nayyar, Development Through Globalisation. Research Paper No. 2000/29
   
9. CARTSS, Globalisation and Modernity: Central Questions.
   
10. David Held and Others, op. cit. pgs. 1 – 31
    
11. Joseph Stiglitz, Making Globalisation Work. Chapter 2.
    
12. Togba. Nah Tipotch, "Globalisation and Development". In D. W. Nabudere (ed.) Globalisation and Post-colonial African States.
    
13. Bob Sutcliffe, The Place of Development in Theories of Imperialism and Globalisation.
    
14. Adebayo Olukoshi, "Globalisation, Equity and Development: Some Reflections on the African Experience
    
15. Martin Khor, "Globalisation, Implications for Development.
    

Dispute on: Competing Explanations on Globalisation and Development

5. Globalisation, Trade and Development Perspectives

Essential Readings

1. Sheila P. How Developing Countries Trade: The Institutional Constraints. Chapters 1 and 15
   
2. Mark W. and Dean B. "The Relative Impact of Trade Liberalisation on Developing Countries". Capr June, 2002
   
3. Robert B. Z. "Globalisation, Trade, and Economic Security". US Trade Representative, 2002.
   
4. Yusuf Bangura, "Underdevelopment and the Politics of Sierraleone Trade Relations". Conference Paper. 1984
   
5. Joseph Stiglitz op. cit. Chapter 6.
   
6. Paul Humpton, "The Marxist Policy on Trade". Workers Libaty. (Journal)
   
7. Erik S. Reiner, How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor.
   
8. Peter I. O. "International Trade and Economic Development: Theory, History and Contemporary Realities". Conference Paper.
   
9. Robert Gilpin, Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Chapter 8.
   
10. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nation
    

    DISPUTE ON:     Debating Free Trade Visa-vis Development and Under-Development
    

6. Global Perspective and growth of the Service sector

Essential Readings

1. Ernest Mandel, Late Capitalism. Verso. London. 1980
   
2. Thomas I. Palley, "A Labor Perspectives on Globalisation". IPS No. 1 (2008).
   
3. Kyoko Sheridan, "Softnomisation – The Growth of the Service Sector in Japan". Journal of Contemporary Asia vol. 14 No.4 (1984).
   
4. Robert Reich, Super-capitalism. ICOn Books, 2007.
   

   DISPUTE ON:     Discussion of "Berge" Economics as a New Global Production Model
   

7. WTO and International Trade in Services: From the Starting Point to Aggressive Stage.

Essential Readings

1. Harold S. and Andras I. (eds.). World Trade After the Uruguay Round. Chapter 2
   
2. John H. Jackson, The World Trading System: Law and Policy of International Economic Relations. Chapters 1 and 12
   
3. Graham, D. The Free Trade Adventure, Zed-Books, London and New York, Chapters 4 and 9
   
4. Stephen Woolcock, "The Multilateral Trading System into the New Millennium (eds.). Trade Politics: International, Domestic and Regional Perspective.
   
5. Richard E. M. "Africa in the Global Economy". Chapter 3
   
6. WTO: Understanding the WTO. Chapter 1
   
7. Robert Wolf, "The World Trade Organisation". In Brian Hocking and Steven Meguire (ed.). op.cit.
   

   DISPUTE ON:     Free Trade Proponents Generally Argue that Liberalisation Brings Development. But Would Trade and Liberalisation of Services Constitute Development Especially for Developing Countries
   

8. WTO Regime: Rules, Agreements and Issues on Trade in Services

Essential Readings

1. WTO (1993), The Legal Texts
   
2. WTO (2006), The General Agreement on Trade in Services. WTO Websitre
   
3. UNDP (2008). Making Trade Work for People. New York, Earthscan Publication
   
4. Harry G. B. (1994). "GATS: The Uruguay Round Accord on International Trade ad Investment in Services. The World Economy vol. 17 (3)
   
5. Martin Khor, Globalisation and the South.
   
6. John H. Jackson, op. cit. Chapter 2
   
7. WTO, Understanding WTO. Chapter 2
   

DISPUTE ON: Making an Assessment of the Provisions of GATS

9. WTO Trading System: Implications for Development of Developing Countries

Essential Readings

1. Joseph Stiglitz, op. cit. Chapter 3
   
2. Nicola B. and Chanida C. "Ten Years of the WTO: Subordinating Development to Free Trade". IPS vol. 2 (2003).
   
3. Robin Broad et al, "Development: The Market is not Enough. In Jeffrey A. K., International Political Economy: Perspectives on Global Power and Wealth.
   
4. Martin Khor, "A Perspective on Globalisation and its Implication for Developing Countries".
   
5. Martin Khor, Globalisation: Implications for Development Policy.
   
6. Irogba K. "Globalisation and the Development of the Third World" Journal of Third World Studies, 2005
   
7. Arghri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade
   
8. M. B. Brown, Essays on Imperialism. Chapter III
   
9. Samir Amin, Imperialism and Unequal Development. Chapter 6
   
10. Vickey R. and Robin T. Political Change and Under-development.
    
11. Ibrahim M. J. The Effect of Globalisation on the Development of Under-developed Countries
    

DISPUTE ON:     GATT/WTO Regime and Development Benefits to Third World Countries – Any Two Contrasting Case Studies

10. Alternative Global Trade Perspectives: Doha and Beyond Doha

Essential Readings

1. WTO, Understanding the WTO. Chapter 5
   
2. WTO, Doha Work Programme
   
3. Marting Khor, "Trade and Development: The Multilateral Trading System and Recent Development in the WTO". TWN (2004).
   
4. Mark Halle, Where are we in the Doha Round.
   
5. Dilip K. D., "The Doha Round of multilateral Trade negotiations causal factor behind the failure in Cancun.
   
6. Auditya M. "Services in a development round proposals for overcoming inertia" In Richard N. (2008). Trade, Doha and development: A window into the issues.
   
7. M. M. Yusuf, "The Recent Development in the WTO" mimeo 2009
   
8. M. M. Yusuf, WTO mock summit briefing paper (2009)
   
9. Basudeb G. K. The WTO Developing Countries and the Doha Development Agenda: Prospects and Challenges for trade - led growth – various
   
10. Richard N. Trade, Doha and Development: A window into the issue. Various
    
11. Rorden W. "The problematic of trade and development beyond the Doha round"
    
12. James T. G. "The High stakes of WTO Reform".
    
13. The warwick commission, the multilateral trade regime: which way forward?
    
14. Lauren C. H., "Latin America: Building an alternative to free trade"
    
15. Graham D. op. cit chapter 12
    

    DISPUTE ON: The warwick commission report: MTS which way forward?
    

11.    CONCLUSION I

• Theoretical conclusion
  
• Reports on semester group work
  
• Response papers on the group projects.
  

12.    CONCLUSION II

• Classroom experience
  
• Eating and chatting
  

Joint Readings

1. Mate F. "Impact of trade liberalisation on the environment in developing countries: The case of Nigeria". MPRA paper
   
2. Emmanuel C. O. and Agatha E., " Globalisation and Economic Development: The Nigerian Experience".
   
3. Pad raing C. "Constructing Alternative to SAP in Africa". ROAPC No. 78
   
4. Alan V. D. Globalisation Bystanders: Does Trade liberalisation hurl countries that do not participate?
   
5. World Bank, East Asia: Trade and Investment: regional and global gains from liberalisation.
   
6. Diana I. Gimba, "The WTO and the Third World countries". ECPER vol. 5(3)
   
7. Maude B. "The last frontiers: GATS". ROAPC No 58
   
8. Okamota Y. "Impact of trade and FDI liberalisation policies on the Malaysian economy". Developing Economies vol. 32 (4)
   
9. Walden Bello, Deglobalisation: Ideas for a new world order
   
10. Walden Bello. The future in the balance: Essays on Globalisation and resistance
    
11. Harry Shutt, "A new democracy" Alternative to a bankrupt world order chapter 4
    
12. Dalip S. "An Alternative to Globalisation" In the Third World Resurgence No. 74
    
13. David V. and Jeff F. Debate on the case for and against free trade
    
14. John Madeley, Hungry for Trade: How the poor pay for free trade. Chapter 3
    
15. Johan Galtung, "Ten theses on development Theory, Practice and Methodology. In Inge Amundeen (ed.) Knowledge and Development: Proceedings of the NKU Annual Conference 1994 University of Tromso.
    
16. Michael, Z. "Global Governance and Legitacy Problems".
    
17. Garth L. P. "Emerging Markets – Emerging Powers. Changing Parameters for Global Economic Governance". IPS 2/2005.
    
18. Heikki, P. Democratising Globalisation: The Leverage of the Tabin Tax
    

Course Requirement

• The teaching of the course is by giving lectures. Each topic is expected to be covered in one lecture period. When the duration of the semester is against my plan some topics may be combined for treatment. However, the last 30minutes of each period will be dispute, agreement and disagreement on some issues here identified.
  
• Assessment of students is based on end of semester examination (70%) and continuous assessment (30%). The CA will be determined by obligatory weekly assignment; active participation in discussing the assignment; a group small research project; research project response paper; a supervised test; ICT usage; attendance;
  
• At the end of the semester each seminar will submit a report on classroom experience
  
• There are many teaching aids on my website which are recommended to enhance the capacity of students in ICT, communicative writing, etc.
  
• In order to purify the system of learning and research I have to take strict disciplinary action against any student who is found on plagiarism. To avoid plagiarism you must not copy or paraphrase someone else work and present it as your own. Again, all texts consulted should be properly acknowledged. The penalty is that any work found to be plagiarism will receive zero. And any student found in two cases of plagiarism will result in being assessed "00" in the overall CA on the course.
  

My watch word in last year's teaching is "whatever ideas received from me or from text books given to read are not correct and final. You must challenge and criticize them in order to keep learning". In this academic session is "Education for transformation of individuals as students. Get ready. Each of you is going to show and tell us that he/she has changed, from the time we have started to the end of the course and beyond.

M.M. Yusif