Globalization and PMM

BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Globalization and PMM

Pol 4301: Military and Politics

2207/2008 First Semester

Instructor: M. M. Yusif
mmyusuf58@yahoo.com
mmyusuf07@gmail.com
polbuk@yahoo.com
http://www.mmyusuf.blogspot.com

Introduction
The title of the course, as above remains the same since it has been introduced. And yet in the last three decades the science of Military and Politics has seen profound changes. In the post-cold war period in particular, whereas there are no military regimes to study and analyse, but it seems that in many countries the power of the military in politics have increased.

Therefore, the focus of the course, changes every academic session as:
1. Military and Development – 2000/2001 session
2. Military Theory and Practice – 2001/2002
3. Military and Democratisation – 2002/2003
4. Globalisation and Militarisation 204/2005
5. Military theories and strategy in the contemporary globalisation – 2005/2006
6. Military, State, Society and Globalisation 2006/2007

These have paved ways for reconsideration of the traditional tools, approaches, and the subject-matter as well as the empirical grounds for analysis of “Military and Politics”. From theoretical perspective it is a shift of paradigm from modernisation to post-modernist approach with which we are going to continue in this academic session (2007/2008)
Course Overview
The course is another attempt to continue with what I have started five years ago i.e. of re-imagining politics and society in the teaching of military and politics. It is to do away with traditional conception and theories in treatment of the subject.

A close examination of the recent literature on military clearly indicates some new orientations. One is that globalisation is naturally militaristic, therefore the science of military pays attention to military strategy/ies applied by major global institutions to achieve economic and other objectives. Secondly, the free-market economy has created a conducive condition for production of instruments and agents of violence which has increased militarization of the society. Thirdly, as a result of the new global economic system, both states, organisations and individuals are facing threats from insecurity. Fourthly, as the societies change so are the militaries. What is conspicuous is that armed forces are changing both in the organisation, structure, profession, method of war and civil-military relations. Finally and most importantly is the idea that a New Military i.e. the post modern military has emerged. What is it and what is it not as well as its aspects, characteristics and relations with state and society are least explored.

This course will focus on the aforementioned aspects of military issues in the current era of globalisation. A critical understanding of these issues from a post-modernist approach would assist us to cope with intricacies of changing perspectives and scope of “Military and Politics” and Military in Politics.

With this approach, a holistic method which combines Economics, Political Science, International Relations and Political Economy will evolve in the understanding of our premise that the use of force which is the essence of military, governs relationships, both political and economic, in the current era of globalisation.

In order to capture a perspective within political science studies we would start with the arguments on the scope and future of political studies. Thus, we would necessary refer to the early literature on the teaching of Military and Politics and from there explore major texts on New Theoretical Lines on the subject – which revolved around Globalisation and Military. Specifically, the course would give treatment to issues such as understanding post modern military; the theory of post-modernisation; the ICT and the New Military System; etc.

Course Outline and Reading Lists
1. Introduction to the course: Introducing the course and what it involves; where it is in political studies;
Readings
a) Paul Hirst, The future of Political Studies(i) and (ii) Website
b) Shu-Yun Ma, Political Science at the Edge of chaos? The paradigmatic. International Political Science Review Vol.28 No.1 (2007)
c) Michael C. Hudson, Information Technology, International Politics and Political Change in the Military Affairs in Arab World. website
2. Re-imagining Politics and Society: Teaching of Military and Politics – Past, present and future: comparative concepts, categories and theories
Readings
a) Eboe Hutchful and Abdoulaye Bathily (eds.), The Military and Militarism in Africa. Introduction and chapter1
b) Paul Commack et al. Third World Politics: A Comparative Introduction
c) David Chuter, Defence Transformation. ISS Monograph
d) Jack Woddis, Armies and Politics
e) Jim Zwick, Militarism and Militarization. Website
f) Engels F. Anti-Duhring pp. 195-225
3. Re-imagining Politics and Society: Constructing post-modernist study of military and politics
Readings
a) Bell, C. The theory of post-modernisation. Website
b) Bragan, M. Dueling Paradigms: Modernist Versus Post-modernist Thought.
c) A.F. Klimenko, Globalisation and its impact on military politics and military strategy. Website
d) Marek Thee, “Militarism and Militarisation in contemporary International Relations”. In Asbjorn and Marex Thee (eds.) problems of contemporary Militarisation.
e) Mary klages, “post-modernism”. Website
f) Arto Nokkala, “Constructing Post-cold War Military Politics: The Finnish case in a strategic perspective”. Website
g) Charles C. Moskos, John Allen Williams and David R. Segal (eds). The Post-modern Military: Armed Forces after the cold war.
h) Frank Pascual, Militarism underpins Globalisation. Website
i) Steven Staples, Globalisation and Militarism. Website
j) Steven Staples, Ten ways globalisation promotes Militarism. Website
k) Chunakhra G.M. The Militarisation of politics and society. Website
l) Gruta Swari, Theoretical Postulation: a twin van in understanding Military and Politics. Website
m) Claude serfati, “Militarism and Imperialism in the 21st century”. Website
n) Timothy Edmunds, Anthony Forster and Andrew Cottey, The Armed Forces and Society: A Framework for Analysis
o) Robert Cooper, The Breaking of Nations: Order and Chaos in the Twenty-First Century. Chapter 2
p) Website, The Post-Fordist Military
4. Globalisation and Expansion of Military Violence; David Helds Model; the theory and practice of the contemporary globalisation
Readings
a) David Held et al, “Global transformation: Politics, Economics and Culture”. Introduction, Chapters 1, 2, and conclusion
b) John Feffer, “Militarisation in the Age of Globalisation”. Website
c) Yash, Tandon, “Globalisation and the South
d) Stefen Mair, “The New World of Privatised Violence”. International Politics and Society 2/2003
e) Bring G. and Sam M. “Global disorder and the New World Order”. International Politics and Society 3/2005
5. Translational State and global governance. Militarization of Economic relations and global military strategy.
Readings
a) Yash Tandon, “Globalisation and Africa’s options”. In D.W. Nabudere (ed.). Globalisation and Post-colonial African States
b) Theresa Wolfwood, “WTO: Seatle – a convergence of globalisation and Militarisation”. Website.
c) Diana Gimba, “WTO and the Third World Countries”. ECPER Journal
d) Nettime, “The American Empire and the Ergence of Global Ruling-class”. Website
e) Winruch Kunne, “Peace support Operations: How to make them succeed”. OPS 4/1999
f) Stephen Schilesinger”, Transcending or Defending the World of States: The UN and its members”. IPSS 4/1999
g) William I. Robinson, “Capitalist globalisation and transnationalisation of state”. Website
h) William I. Robinson, “Towards a global Ruling class: Globalisation and the Transnational Capitalist class”. Website
i) Bhaskar Majumder, “Global Governance: Role of the two global policy institutions and Regional Groups”. International Studies Vol.40 No.2 (2003)
j) Ernest Mandel, “Marxist theory of the state”. website
6. Information Technology and Military Affairs: Some theoretical assumptions
Readings
a) No name, Information Technology and Global Ruling Class. Website
b) Michael C. Hudson, Information Technology, International Politics and Political Change in the Military Affairs in Arab World. Website
c) Max Boot, The paradox of Military Technology. Website
d) Amin, M. (ed.). Post-Fordism: A reader
7. Military Forces in Post-modern Society: the pmm; is there a pmm;
Readings
a) No Name, The Post-Fordist Military. Website
b) Bradford Booth, et al. Are Post-cold War Militaries Post-modern. Website
c) Moskos, Charles C. et al (eds.). The Post-modern Military; Armed Forces after the cold war
d) Anthony Foster, A Critique of the Post-modern Military thesis: the European challenge
e) John F. Bradford, The Indonesian Military as a Professional Organisation: Criteria and Ramifications for Reform
f) Richard H. Kohn, The Erosion of Civilian Control of the Military in the USA today Naval War College Review Vol.45 No.3
g) Col Charles J. Dunlap, Melancholy Reunion: A Report from the future on the collapse of Civil-Military Relations in the United States
h) Winruch Kunne, op. cit
i) General Paul D. Manson, Peace Keeping in a changing World.
8. Post-modern Warfare System
Readings
a) Paul T. Mitchell. Network Centric Warfare: Coalition Operations in the age of US Military Primacy
b) Captain Paulo F. V. Nunes, The Information Warfare Site. Website
c) Major Ike Wilson, The correlates of post-modern warfare. Website
d) Phillip Harmmond, Post-modernity goes to war. Website
e) Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era
f) Mary Kaldor “Reconceptualising Organised Violence”. In Daniel, A. et al (eds.) Re-imagining Political Community.
g) Mary Kaldor, Iraq: the wrong war. Website
h) Lt. Col. Rolf Wagner, Vintual Victory: The Influence of Post-modern Warfare on Post-Conflict Operations. A Monograph.
i) Shaw M. Dialectics of War: An essay in the Social Theory of Total War and Peace
j) Gerald Schneider, “War in the Era of Globalisation”. Website
k) Carl Connette and Charles Knight, Post-cold War US Military Expenditure in the context of World Spending Trends. Website
9. Military Violence in Post-Cold Era: Post-modern Terrorism
Readings
a) Kai Hirschmann, “The Changing Face of Terrorism”
b) Stephen Sloan, International Terrorism: Conceptual Problems and Implication
c) Kegley C.W (ed.). International Terrorism: Chracteristics, causes and control
d) Abdulhakim Harun, September 11: Before and Beyond.
e) Mary Kaldor, Terrorism as regressive globalisation. Website
f) The 9/11 Commission Report: Chapter 2, titled “The Foundation of the New Terrorism”.
g) Asta Maskaliunaite, “Terrorism and Globalisation: Recent Debates. Website
10. Alternatives to Global Militarisation; global democratisation; demilitarization; Deglobalisation; Critique of Post-modernist approach;
Readings
a) Horace Campbell, “The popular Demand for dismantling of the apartheid machine and problem of conversion of the military industrial complex”. In Hutchful and Bathily
b) Sylvester Odion-Akhaine (ed.). path to Demilitarisation and Democratic Consolidation in West Africa
c) Harry Tubangbanwa, “Fighting Military Globalisation”. Website
d) Barry Holden (ed.). Global Democracy: Key Debates
e) Summary of the Conference Report on “The Leadership Challenges of Demilitarisation in Africa”. Arusha, Tanzania, July 22-24, 1998
f) Claude Serfati, Op. cit
g) Fredrick Jameson, “Post-modernism or the cultural logic of late capitalism”. Website
11. Reports on Semester Group Projects. Each Seminar will be invited to come and make presentation of the small research project conducted during the Semester.
12. In this week Response papers of the small Research Projects will be presented. This is to be followed by eating and chatting.
13. Conclusion: Concluding remarks by the course instructor on the course and performance of students during the course work; critical comments by students on their class room experience and views as well as assessment on the knowledge received and how it is received – including suggestions on the method of imparting the knowledge; then any other things

Additional Readings
a. Gwyn Kirk and Margo Okazawa-Rey, Neo-Liberalism, Milkitarism and Armed Conflict. Social Justice Magazine
b. Roger C. and Roy M. “Warlords and Militarism in Chad”. ROAPE No. 44/46, 1989
c. Elizabeth Neuffer et al, “Military Strategies in Globalisation: Democracy and Security”. Website
d. Watson F.M., Political Terrorism: What is Terrorism
e. Frcy R.G. and Christopher W.M. (eds.) Violence, Terrorism and Justice. Various
f. Hamid Hussain, Forbidden Fruit-Military and Politics. Website
g. Barbara Lochbihles “Militarism as facilitator of globalisation”. Website
h. Mike Drake, The Question of Military Technology: Apocalyptics or Politics? Website
i. Ali A. Mazrui, Globalisation between the market and the Military: A third World perspective. Website

Course Requirements
The teaching of the course is by giving lectures on the topics above. However, the last thirty minutes of each lecture period will be for discussion on some readings given as weekly assignment. The weekly assignments are as important as the end of the semester examination. Any student who failed to do one weekly exercise will miss all the marks for the weekly assignments.

Evaluation of students will be based on end of the semester examination (70%) and continuous assessment (30%). On the CA students will be required to do so many things as follows:
1. Weekly Assignment
2. A research paper by each seminar
3. research project response paper
4. ICT usage
5. supervised test
6. attendance
7. Poetry composition
8. Critical comments on Classroom experience
9. Working Groups on topical issue on the subject
Finally, a piece of advice for students.
Any student who makes outstanding contribution on class works by asking questions, making comments and observations will be awarded bonus marks of 5% on the CA and by the end of the semester will be recognised and praised in front of all the students. Also the best seminar will be recognised and praised.

On the other hand any student who is not present when his/her seminar is called upon to make presentation or is called for whatever reason and is not in the class, will get minus five from his/her CA.

Weekly Assignment/Participation in Discussion/Attendance
Evaluation of students course work performance will emphasise participation. Thus, there will be weekly readings and presentations of some texts for discussion. You will be divided into seminars, and in the last 30 minutes of each period a seminar will be called upon. Class participation is very important if everyone is to learn from other peoples points of view. Therefore, when a seminar is called some will submit their reports while others will respond.

The readings and the reports are not going to be simple summaries. The reports are to bring out three things. First, is to identify the issues raised in the text. Secondly, take one of the issues and analyse the argument by giving a critique of it. Thirdly in making a critique bring some empirical evidence to support your observation on the author’s argument.

The format of the report is going to be in a “pattern note” form (see the paper on “How to make pattern note”).

It is important to stress that any student who missed one weekly assignment will not be awarded any mark for all the weekly assignments.

Small Research Project
Each Seminar will be involved in a small research project. The research paper will reflect the course coverage on “Military, State, Society and Globalisation”.

The paper is expected to be presented according to a standard of original contribution with theoretical insights on the area of the research. A paper which has not followed the standard and or contains many typographical errors will not be graded.

In the last five years, Research Reports which meet minimum standard are selected to form the reading materials for this course.

Research Project Response Paper
The small research project of each seminar will be given to another seminar to respond and present while the original authors will be by the side to defend their works.

ICT Usage
As in POL3314 we will source many of the teaching materials via the internet. You will be expected to perfect the skills you acquired in POL3314. Every week you will go on internet. This year I will carry you further to “E-Mail for teaching, learning and research” as well as “EBSCO HOST” E-Journal Library. On the latter, each seminar will register with “EBSCO HOST” for accessing different types of electronic journals.

Then each member of the class must have an E-mail account. The posting of relevant messages on the course is encouraged. I will E-mail you many materials. Each seminar will e-mail me any work done collectively while anyone of you who wishes can e-mail me. From our experience in the usage of internet for teaching, learning and research at your level three I feel bound to personally open e-mail account specifically for Military and Politics.

We would continue with my innovation of enhancing the use of internet by forming exclusively (for POL4301, “The internet partnership” and “The Cyber Club”. These help to promote the use of internet among my students.

Supervised Test
There will be a test based on the paper “study guidelines for effective performance by my students”.
Poetic Composition
Each member of the class will formulate a poetry which will reflect the subject matter of the course.

Working Groups on Topical Issue on the Subject matter of the Course
Students will be expected to demonstrate their understanding of the teachings during the course work. In the past we used many forms of theatre performance as part of the class work. In this way the WTO mock summit developed from the class of military and politics 2004/2005 session. Another form which is going to be tried, which at any rate was already used in POL4313 2005/2006 session is the working group session. In this the whole class will be divided into groups to discuss a topic, write report and present to the whole class. All these would be done in just part of one lecture period.

Attendance
Class attendance is very important. You are hereby informed that if you are going to miss my class, please notify me at least 24 hours in advance. Any body present when a seminar is called will be awarded 5% while anybody absent will get minus five.

Critical Comments by Students on their Classroom Experience
At the end of the semester each seminar will make a presentation on classroom experience as specified on the teaching programme above.

On being against Plagiarism
In order to purify the system of learning and research I have to take strict disciplinary action against any student who is found on plagiarism. What is plagiarism? In Oxford Mini reference dictionary you find the following entries on the word plagiarism “take and use (another’s writings, etc) as ones own”. To be precise, plagiarism is academic dishonesty. This includes dishonestly in assignments, tests, drawing anything from internet and submit as your work, or in short claiming credit for any work not done or done by others.

To avoid plagiarism you must not paraphrase some ones work and present it as your own. Again, all sources consulted should be properly acknowledged. Furthermore, while reviewing the work of your colleagues it must be strictly on what the authors wrote about.

In order to discourage plagiarism, last academic session I formed for students of POL4301 a plagiarism club. All those found on plagiarism were made to become members of the club. As they grew in number they were made to elect a chairman and a secretary. They were called to report from time to time what they were doing to discourage plagiarism. This year too, we would do the same thing.

The penalty is that any assignment found to be plagiarised will receive a zero. Also, any student found plagiarising in a test will get a zero. If one is found on two cases of plagiarism, will result in being assessed “00” in the overall continuous assessment on the course.

Improve the Quality of your Learning and Research Through…
Over the last five years I have personally and professionally developed some ideas which would assist my students to gradually correct the deficiencies in learning and research. Whereas this is taken for granted by some students, but some observations made in these years illuminate promising changes taking place in the academic performance and other skills acquired by my students. Many admitted that these are their guiding methods in learning and research, anywhere they got themselves.

These are generally in communication skills and Information Technology. All these can be found in my Website and the E-mail Box I opened specifically for students.
These are in form of short papers and notes:
1. How to use internet to source reading materials
2. Assessing students examination papers: Marking Scheme
3. Enhancing students capacity in learning through the use of computer, internet and e-mail
4. Introducing Team/Group work in large classes
5. Student guidelines for effective performance by students
6. How to make patterned notes from Texts.
7. Writing Examination: A communicative Approach
8. How to write Group Semester paper in large classes
9. How to write book review
10. Communicative writing: Exploring the concept
11. Taking note in class lecture or from a text
12. using e-mail for teaching, learning and research
13. Using e-journals and e-books for learning and research
14. Code of ethics in the class of M.M. Yusif
15. ICT for learning and education: beyond information
16. Criticism – self-criticism session
17. Guidelines for small-research project
18. Progress Report on ICTs for Teaching, Learning and Research

DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO


POL4301: MILITARY AND POLITICS

The following are Semester Group Essays of students of military and Politics of the last four Academic Sessions selected for the contributions they made on the subject. They are recommended for your studies in this Academic year (2005/2006). You are hereby encouraged to work harder and produce a qualitative Group Essay material to join these ones which would be bound as reference material by your Association (NAPSS).
S/N
Author
Title
Year
1.
Suleiman Dauda Daura et al
Global military Establishment: for World Security or Threat to World Security
2004/2005
2.
Mohammed Hambali Mohammed et al
Globalisation and Third World: Security and Defence
2004/2005
3.
Hafsat Y. Yakasai
Terrorism as another Phase of Globalisation
2004/2005
4.
Bashir K. Muhammad et al
Deregulation of Weapons Market and the Privatization of Military in the Global System: Who gains, who loses?
2003/2004
5.
Sani K. Suwidi et al
Militarization and Globalization: Politics of Nuclear Threats in the contemporary World
2004/2005
6.
Korau et al
Unilateral Application of Military Power is one of the Major Characteristics of Contemporary Globalized Economy. How and Why?
2003/2004
7.
Hassan Danyalwa Umar et al
Examine the Contribution and Proportion of Defence Allocation and of Health, Education and Agriculture in 2003 Budget of Nigeria. What is the Implication for Social and Economic Development
2003/2004
8.
Mohammed Ibrahim Zingkur et al
What is Terrorism? Why is terrorism a Common Phenomenon in the Contemporary Era of Globalization
2003/2004
9.
Francis Onoja James et al
Rebellion is a Form of Military Behaviour in Politics. What is it? What is it not? Is Rebellion a Satisfactory Counter Action/Strategy Against Globalization
2003/2004
10.
Aliyu Hassan Salihu et al
Examine Both in Theory and Practice the Distinction between Guerilla Army and Militia
2003/2004
11.
Hamidu Hamidu Jantabo et al
The World Today is characterized by insecurity both Nationally and internationally. How it affects Africa and How it could be Reformed
2003/2004
12.
Abdulhamid Ahmad Abdullahi et al
The Impact of Arms Production and Arms Trade on the Socio-Economic Development of Developing Countries
2003/2004
13.
Rabiu Usman et al
What is National Liberation Army? Make a Study of any one Country where there was National Liberation Army, showing its Military, Political, Organizational and other Characteristics
2003/2004
14.
Zainab Musa et al
With many examples from across the countries of Africa and Latin America, bring out the problems of Post-military Democracy
2002/2003
15.
Bala Mohammed et al
Distinguish the Terms; Militia, Militarism and Militarization
2002/2003
16.
Muttaqa Yusha’u et al
How does the contemporary Globalization affects the Military in the Third World
2002/2003
17.
Abdullahi Musa Ibrahim et al
Examine both in Theory and Practice the problems of Democratic consolidation in Nigeria
2002/2003
18.
Murtala Mamman et al
Which of the many Theoretical explanations on why the Military intervenes in the politics of the Third World Countries can withstand Empirical Test
2002/2003
19.
Alakwe Emmanuel et al
Why is a National Security State is always Militaristic?
2002/2003
20.
Group 4
What is military? What is militarism? Distinguish between Old and New Militarism
2002/2003
21.
Sani Abubakar Maishanu et al
Militarization of the Global Economic Relations under Contemporary Globalization
2004/2005
22.
Adamu Fate Jigaware et al
Globalization and the Global Transnational State: Reducing Power of Nation-State
2004/2005
23.
Dimas et al
Globalization and the US struggle for Global Military Dominance
2005/2006
24.
Musbau et al
The Military Industrial Complex and violence in Africa: An analysis of the proliferation of weapons in contemporary Globalisation
2005/2006
25.
Bala Y.Z. et al
ICT for teaching and research
2005/2006
26.
Abdulrasheed et al
Globalisation, state and national security
2005/2006
27.
Bushra Jibril et al
Arms production and trade: for world security or threat to world security
2005/2006
28.
Arnau S. Minjibir
How does Globalisation and Militarisation Erodes the sovereignty of Nation states
2005/2006
29.
Suleiman S. Mani et al
Arms production, trade and transfer: Impact on Militarisation of Third World Countries
2005/2006
30.
Nuruddeen Aminu
Terrorism as a Threat to Internal Security of Nation State in the Contemporary era of Globalisation
2005/2006
31.
Aminu Audi et al
Information Technology and Militarisation of Society
2006/2007
32.
Aliyu Jamilu et al
A New Role and a New Formation: Post-modern Military in the contemporary globalisation
2006/2007
33.
Halima Ali Bashir et al
The Roles of Military in the Phases of Globalisation: The Theory and Practice of the current phase
2006/2007


DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO


POL4301: Globalisation and Post-modern Military (Military and Politics) 2007/2008 Session

Working Groups Discussion: Renewal of Nigerias Military Formations
More than one hundred years ago Fredreck Engels observed that “all economic phenomena must be explained by force”. The military is an institution which is formed to use force by organised violence to defend specific interest.

Historically it is a product of division of society into classes. Thus, it becomes part of the process of state formation to be used to protect the ruling-class. In pre-modern class society the military was not an organised and sophisticated institution. It was like a hired service offered to the kings and chiefs, and without really a system of command. On the other hand the modern army is recruited according to a given criteria, is trained and professional with an organised structure governed by rules and regulations. Unlike the Pre-modern Army the Modern Army is a whole community of human beings who specialised in the application of force – with many different arms i.e. the Land Army; the Naval Army; the Air Army; the Legal, the intelligence, the communication, etc. in order to perform their responsibilities.

The distinct characteristics of the military is not only of pre-modern and modern Armed Forces. Looking at the military globally and from a comparative perspective it is reasonable to argue that if society changes, so will their militaries.

In the last twenty years the world community is seeing profound changes in the structure of the economy, politics, culture, etc. which also is affecting the military. By the aspects of these changes we would agree that now we have passed the phase of modern to post-modern.

In military affairs in particular, there is alreadly a paradigm shift from modern/traditional military to post-modern military. Indeed, there is a revolution in the military formations every where in Europe, in United State of America and in some developing countries. The aspects of these changes are so numerous to be counted but they include: in functions and responsibilities of the army; the question of professionalism of the army; civilian-military relations; their national and international positions; how do they fight; who are to be or not to be in the army; the role of ICT; etc.

These and other issues will point to direction of changes to post-modern military. In the existing literature on development of post-modern military the Nigeria’s military is rarely noticed.

As students of Globalisation and Post-modern Military (alias Military and Politics) you are to examine these issues – not by developing a literature but of course to be that relevant as reading materials, but policy recommendations of transforming Nigeria’s army into a post-modern military.

Each seminar is hereby reconstituted to act like a Military Formation of Nigeria’s Armed Forces. The Seminar Leader is a “General”. Others are Lower ranks of Nigeria’s Army Officers. It is a conference/discussion session to thrash out both in theory and the practical possibilities of the challenges of Nigerian Armed Forces in the current globalisation.

In addition to issues raised above, the following are also relevant:
a) That the involvement of Nigeria’s armed forces in peace-keeping operations contains a great danger in survival of national army as well as discipline within the army.
b) Secondly, that the regularity of peace-keeping operations demands reform of the military – its size; organisational structure; orientation; command system; discipline and facilities in the army
c) Thirdly, you may wish to examine these and other conditions of the Armed Forces and make some propositions to hasten the formation of PMM in Nigeria.
d) You may also examine the idea that in a perpetually conflicting global system, in order to pursue peace, a qualitative armed forces must be formed to minimise militarization in the system.
e) In the current era of globalisation and privatisation don’t you think Nigeria does not need armed forces? Why not dissolved this and rely on privatised army?
The procedure is that the last 60 minutes of one period would be used for this exercise.
Each seminar will relocate in a corner of the classroom
Then would reconstitute into a mock military formation with a chairman (the seminar leader) and a secretary.
The discussion will start and continue for fifteen minutes
While the discussion is going on the chairman and the secretary would be taking notes
After the fifteen minutes, another ten minutes will be given so that each seminar will compile not less than two pages report.
Any one person from each seminar/formation will come out to present the report
This will be followed by questions and comments
After my comments and observations the exercise will be closed by one of the “Generals”
Each report presented is to be typed and submitted for further assessment.

M.M. Yusif
February, 2008