POLITICS OF GLOBAL TRADE RELATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT

BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE


POLITICS OF GLOBAL TRADE RELATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT

POL 3314: Politics of Development and Underdevelopment

2008/2009
Instructor: M. M. Yusif
mmyusif58@yahoo.com
mmyusif07@gmail.com
polbuk@yahoo.com
http://www.mmyusif.blogspot.com

Introduction
The title of the course as “Politics of Development and Underdevelopment” remains the same since it is introduced more than twenty years ago. Whereas the title still is not outdated but the content must continuously be reviewed to reflect paradign changes on discourse about both political and economic development in underdeveloped countries.

Therefore, the focus of the course changes every academic session, since I have taken over teaching of the course. These are:
1. Imperialism and Development
2. Globalisation and African Development
3. Globalisation and Industrialisation in Third World Countries
4. Gloalisation, Imperialism and development or underdevelopment
5. Globalisation, trade and development or underdevelopment
6. Globalisation, Multilateral Trade and Politics of resistance
7. WTO – Linked to Development

These have revealed that the orientation of the course is now about globalization and development. In the last four academic sessions, since when I introduced WTO-mock summit among my students the orientation of the course has been on WTO and development in developing countries.

Course Overview
The dismal failure and crash of Washington consensus development model and the stimulus packages in Europe and USA have put back once again on the table the debates about neo-liberal globalisation and development.

Implicitly, it is now like globalization skeptics are winning on the debate about the relationship between globalization and development, as both the opponents and supporters of globalisation now converge on the view that the Washington Consensus is a failure. Otherwise why is it that Latin America and Africa failed to grow rapidly, despite the implementation of the market reform religiously while China which has turned away these principles has become an example to be followed by every aspiring developing country, for stable growth and development.

Economic and Development theorists as well as politicians across the globe have already built consensus that the market must be socially regulated as if it’s allowed it “can go off rail”. But is it to tear it or remodel it. Where and what is going to be development under neo-liberal globalization?

The relationship between neo-liberal globalization and development can be measured with many different instruments. What does investment under neo-liberal regulations offer for development of countries in the developing world? What happened to industrialization in developing countries? From all theoretical perspectives and all shades of opinion, agreed that agriculture and trade in agriculture provide the foundation for development. But what happened to agriculture and agricultural trade under the rules of neo-liberal globalization.

The focus of this programme is politics of global trade relations and development in the era of neo-liberal globalization. The notion of politics here is derived from Wright Qwency, in his study of international relations who sees politics as “the art of influencing, manipulating or controlling major groups in the world so as to advance the purposes of some against the opposition of others”.

Global trade under neo-liberal globalization is based on the principles and practices of free trade. The rules of free trade are very clear. For third world countries, their economies are opened, managed and controlled by big international institutions such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Indeed, the rules of the game become embodied as the GATT/WTO regime, is supposed to be based on the principles of open, multilateral, transparent and non-discriminatory trading.

However, Third World Countries face an entirely different reality when trading with developed countries. First, protection and other discriminatory policies in the industrialized countries affect a very large proportion of the developing countries exports of agricultural and processed products as well as manufactures. Secondly, the WTO regime does not care much on the interests of the developing country members. Thirdly, the political and administrative institutions of governance are as if only to suppressed members from the Third World.

Consequently, the global trade regime has already been in crisis and the onset of the current financial crisis has virtually sent many countries in the industrialized world into waves of protectionism which would seem as opposite of the rules of WTO regime.

The course exposes students to issues on liberalization of trade and development as well as the outlook and future of the body i.e. WTO which governs the system. The teaching programme introduces recent research and debates on globlisation and development, trade and development and their implications for industrialization, agricultural development, public health, etc in third world countries.

Among the issues which the course is expected to give treatment are: globalization and development debate; globalization, trade and development theory; the history, rules, agreements and policies of multilateral trade regime; etc.

TOPICS AND READINGS
1. General Introduction: Introducing the course; the topics to be treated; the readings; course requirements; assessment of the programme by students; and aid for learning and research; other issues

Readings
2. M. M. Yusif, Principles of teaching in classes of M. M. Yusif
3. M. M. Yusif, How to write small research project
4. Mauro C. and Rosanna D. “E-Research: An introduction to on-line political science sources for beginners and skeptics.
5. Stephan V. E., Guide to methods for students of political science
2. The meanings which development has for us; what is development/underdevelopment/overdevelopment; theoretical perspectives on development; the neo-liberal development theory; the postmodernist discourse on development; liberal and institutional;

Readings
1. Malcolm C. The wealth of some Nations. Chapters 2 and 3
2. Matthe M. T. Development Economics in the wake of the Washington Consensus: From Smith to Smithscreens IPSA Vol.29 number 5 (2008)
3. John Rapley, “New Directions in the Political Economy of development” ROAPE No.62
4. Frans J. S. Beyond the impasse: New Directions in Development Theory
5. Gilbert Rist, The History of Development Chapters 1, 4 and 7.

3. Globalisation – Development discourse: The Concept of Globalisation; Perspectives on Globalisation and Development

Readings
1. David Held et al, global Transformation: Politics, Economics and Culture. pgs 1-31.
2. Togba-Nah Tipoteh. “Globalisation and Development”, in D. W. Nabudere (ed.) Globalisation and the post colonial African State
3. Mittelman J. H. Globalisation: Critical Reflections. Chapters 2 and 11
4. Douglas Kellner, Theorising Globalisation
5. Hugo Radice, Taking Globalisation Seriously

4. Global Trade and Development: Theoretical Perspectives

Readings
1. Adam Smith, The wealth of Nations
2. Peter I. O. International Trade and Economic Development: Theory, History and Contemporary Realities
3. E. A. Brett, The World Economy since the war: the politics of uneven development. Chapter 2
4. Arthur M. Neo-Liberalism or Democracy? Economic Strategy, Markets, and alternatives for the 21st century. Chapter 2
5. Paul Humpton, The Marxist Policy on Trade


5. Globalisation and Multilateral Trading System

Readings
1. D. W. Nabudere, The Political Economy of Imperialism. Part IV
2. Richard E. M., Africa in the Global Economy. Chapter 3
3. Robert Wolf, “The World Trade Organisation” in Brian Hocking and Steven Megure (ed.) Trade politics: international, domestic and regional perspectice
4. UNDP, Making Global Trade Work for People. Chapter 2
5. Graham Dunkley, The Free Trade Adventure: The WTO, the Uruguay Round and Globalism – A Critique chapters 1, 2 and 3
6. Multilateral Trading System: Agreements and Issues

Readings
1. UNDP op. cit. part II
2. Graham Dunkley op. cit. chapter 4
3. Martin Khor, Globalisation and the South
4. Third World Network. Trade, the Trading system and Human Development
5. John H. J. The World Trading System chapter 12.

7. Managing Trade Relations Politically

Readings
1. M. M. Yusif, WTO Summit Briefing Paper No.1 2008
2. M. M. Yusif WTO Mock Summit Briefing Paper No.2 2009
3. Yash Tandon, in D. W. Nabudere (ed.) op. cit.
4. Michael Chossudovsky, “World Trade Organisation: An illegal organization that violate the universal declaration of Human Rights”.
5. Theresa Wolf Wood, “WTO Seatle: a convergence of globalization and militerisation.
8. Multilateral Trading System: Implication for Development of Developing Countries

Readings
1. Martin Khor, “A Perspective on Globalisation and its Implications for Developing Countries
2. Martin Khor, “Globalisation: Implications for Development Policy
3. Joseph S. Globalisation and its Discontents: Making Globalisation Work. Chapter 3
4. Nicola B. and Chanida C. “Ten years of the WTO: Subordinating Development to Free Trade. IPS Vol.2/2003
5. Robin Broad et al “Development: The Market is not enough” in Jeffrey A. F.
9. Regionalism in a Global Market: Regional Trade Agreement in a Multilateral Trading System

Readings
1. Diana T. and Ngaire W. “Trade, Regionalism and the Threat to Multilateral in Ngaire W. (ed.) The Political Economy of Globalisation
2. Schula S. O. Regionalisation in a Globalising Economy
3. Rok Ajulu, “Thabo Mbekis African Renaissance in a Globalising World Economy: The Struggle for the soul of the continent. ROAPE No.87
4. Arvind P. The Regionalism Debate: An Overview
5. Dot Keet, Globalisation and Regionalisation: Contradictory Tendencies, Counteractive tactics or strategic possibilities


10. Multilteral Trading System in Crisis: Conflict and Competition between Developed Countries: The Failure of Free Trade Globalisation; Local Resistance

Readings
1. Barry K. G. (ed.) Globalisation and the politics of Resistance. Chapters 1, 3 and 17
2. Richard W. M. Global Puzzle: Issues and actors in World Politics. Chapters 12 and 13
3. The South Centre, Facing the Challenge: Responses to the report of the south commission
4. Herry Shutt, A New Democracy: Alternative to a Bankrupt World Order. Chapter 4
5. Walden Bello, Deglobalisation: Ideas for a New World Economy
11. The Current Global Financial Crisis and the Fate of WTO-Trade Regime

Readings
1. Carlota P. Rethinking Globalisation after the collapse of the Financial Bubble
2. Vander M. S. How Trade, the WTO and the Financial Crisis Reinforce each other
3. TWN, Global Financial and Economic Crisis
4. Kavaljit S. Taming Global Financial Flows
5. Bobert Gilpin, Global Political Economy. Chapter 10

12. Globalisation – Imperialism, Trade and the Question of Development

Readings
1. David F. R. Globalisation and Imperialism
2. Samir A. Imperialism and Globalisation
3. Arghiri E. Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade
4. Samir A. Imperialism and Unequal Development. Chapter 6
5. D. W. Nabudere, Essays on the Theory and Practice of Imperialism
13. Challenges and Alternatives to Globalisation and Liberalisation of Trade: Malaysian Model? Bringing State Back? Anti-globalisation?

Readings
1. Dalip S. “An Alternative to Globalisation” in Third World Resurgence No.74
2. E. A. Brett op. cit pgs 249 – 272
3. Arthur M. op. cit.
4. Leslie Sklair, Globalisation, Capitalism and its Alternatives. Chapters 10 – 12
5. Howard M. W. World Trade Order and the Beginning of the Decline of the Washington Consensus. In IPS 3/2000
14. Conclusion I
This period is for presentation of seminar long essay and response papers.
15. Conclusion II
This period is for criticism-self criticism as well as eating and chatting.

JOINT READINGS
1. Arne Phillips, “The Concept of Development” ROAPE No.8
2. Susan George, “The neo-liberal Gospel
3. A. G. Frank, “Development of Underdevelopment” in Robert I. R. (ed.) Imperialism and Underdevelopment: A Reader
4. Dicky R. and Robin T. Political Change and Underdevelopment
5. Robert G. Global Political Economy. Chapter 6
6. Robert G. The Political Economy of International Relations. Chapter 5
7. David Ricardo’s Theory of Comparative Advantage in International Trade. Excepts in Erok S. Reinert
8. Frieden J. A. and Lake D. A. International Political Economy. Chapters 5, 19 and 27
9. Brown M. B. Essays on Imperialism. Chapter 1
10. Eskor Toyo, Background to Globalisation
11. Yash Tandon, Globalisation and the South: The Logic of Exploitation
12. Walden Bello, The Future in the Balance: Essays on Globalisation and Resistance
13. Mohathir Mohammed, Globalisation: New Reality
14. Alice E. “The Europe Agreement, and NAFTA: A Comparison of the Ends and Means”,IPS No.7
15. Carol B. T. “US Trade with Africa: Africa Growth and Opportunity? ROAPE
16. Gilsbert B. “International Trade and Workers Rights? In Brian et al op. cit
17. Grey B. Globalisation: Tame it or Scrap it
18. Ja-Joon C. “Globalisation, Transnational Corporations andEconomic Development: can Developing Countries Pursue Strategic Industrial Policy in a Globalising World Economy
19. Padraing C. “Constructing Alternative to SAP in Africa” ROAPE No.78
20. Richard C. B, Multiletaralising Regionalism
21. Alan V. D. Globalisations Bystanders. Does Trade Liberalisation Hurt Countries that do not participate?
22. Mehmet A. K., Rethinking Empire after 9/11: Towards a New Ontological Image of World Order
23. Irogba K. Globalisation and the Development of the Third World. Journal of Third World Studies 2005
24. Y. Okamota “The Impact of Trade and FDI Liberalisation Policies on the Malaysian Economy”. In the Developing Economies Vol.32 No.4
25. John G. and Ronald P. “Imperialism of Free Trade”, The Economic History Review Vol. VI No.1
26. John M. Hungry for Trade: How the poor pay for Free Trade
27. Bangura Y. Globalisation and African Development
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
- The teaching of the course is by giving lectures. Each topic is expected to be covered in one lecture period. When the duration of the semester is against my plan some topics may be combined for treatment. However, the last 30 minutes of each period will be for presentation and discussion on chosen text or question.
- Assessment of students is based on end of semester examination (70%) and continuous assessment (30%). The CA will be determined by obligatory weekly assignment; active participation in discussing the assignment; a group small research project; research project response paper; a supervised test; ICT usage; attendance;
- At the end of the semester each seminar will submit a report on classroom experience
- There are many teaching aids on my website which are recommended to enhance the capacity of students in ICT, communicative writing, etc
- In order to purify the system of learning and research I have to take strict disciplinary action against any student who is found on plagiarism. To avoid plagiarism you must not copy or paraphrase someone else work and present it as your own. Again, all texts consulted should be properly acknowledged. The penalty is that any work found to be plagiarized will receive zero. And any student found in two cases of plagiarism will result in being assessed “00” in the overall CA on the course.


BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE



POL 3314: Politics of Development and Underdevelopment

2008/2009 Session

Course Lecturer: M. M. Yusif
Venue:
Time:

The following are semester essays of student of politics of Development and Underdevelopment selected for the contribution they made on the subject. They are recommended for your studies in this Academic Year (2008/2009). You are also encouraged to follow the footsteps of these students by working hard to produce a qualitative Group Essay materials to joint these ones.
S/N Author(s) Title Year
1. Yoyi S. Kadiri et al Is there an alternative to the types of Development pursued 2003/2004
2. Francis Onoja James et al NGO’s as Agents of Underdevelopment in the Third World Countries 2003/2004
3. Alhamdu Bala Gimba Usman et al 21st Century Africa: What Problems and Prospects 2003/2004
4. Zainab Joy Usman Globalization and Responses of African People 2003/2004
5. Musbahu O. Abdul-Azeez et al The strategies and tactics of the WTO in the New Era of Globalisation and its Destabilizing Effects for Third World Countries 2004/2005
6. Bala Zandam et al The Impact of Neo-Liberal Capitalist Globalization on the Working Class 2004/2005
7. Dimas Garba et al The Positive Impact of Globalisation on the World Economy: A Case Study of Third World Countries 2004/2005
8. Badamasi Saidu et al The Positive Impact of Gloalization on the World Economy: A Case Study f Third World Countries 2004/2005
9. Mohammed Halilu What is MTS? How does MTS Regime Affect the Development of Developing Countries 2004/2005
10. Bushra Jibril Yakasai et al MTS Hinders Development of the Developing Countries and in Turn Open Ways for Effective Development in the Developed Countries 2004/2005
11. Halima Ali Bashir et al Globalization and Worker’s Right: An analysis of contemporary phase 2005/2006
12. Nana H. M. et al MTS: Impacts of Nigeria’s Product in International Market 2005/2006
13. Jafaru Ibrahim et al Implications of AOA on Development of Third World Countries 2005/2006
14. Yusuf Muhammad Sani et al Globalization – Development Interface; An African Perspective 2005/2006
15. Bilkisu L. Abdullahi et al Implications of SPS for the Development f the Developing Countries
16. Ibrahim Musa et al Neo-Liberalism and Globalization; The threat and obstacle to Third World Development 2005/2006
17. Aliyu Jamilu et al The role of ICT in the Transformation of the Global Trading System 2005/2006
18. Hamza Marafa et al The impact of WTO in Shaping Development Landscape 2006/2007
19. Auwal Abubakar et al WTO, Multilateral Trade and Uneven Development in the Global Economy 2006/2007
20. Murtala Garba Muhammad et al Postmodern Globalization as a catalyst to the Underdevelopment of the Third World Countries 2006/2007
21. Abdulateef Abdulwahap et al WTO and Agricultural Trading System in Africa 2006/2007
22. Adamu Ismail et al The Role of WTO in Managing Global Economy 2006/2007
23. Umar Danjuma et al Protectionism in the Current System of Globalisation: A Critical Analysis of WTO 2006/2007
24. Shehu Haruna et al WTO and Doha Round: Benefits or Harm to the Third World Countries 2006/2007
25. Jamilu Muhammad Habib et al Critical Assessment of WTO in Less Developed Countries (A case of Nigeria) 2006/2007